The yin and yang of evasion and immune activation in HCC. Makarova-Rusher OV, Medina-Echeverz J, Duffy AG, Greten TF. Our results suggested that Lmdd-MPFG combined with PD-1 blockade exerted synergistic antitumor effects through modifying TAMs in the TME and removing T-cell inhibitory signals, thereby providing a new potential strategy for HCC treatment.įorner A, Reig M, Bruix J. This change restores the T-cell reactivity to the anti-PD-1 blockade. Most importantly, it skewed the cytokine profiles into antitumor one in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The overall effect is skewing the TAMs from M2-polarized TAMs into the M1-polarized TAMs. Mechanistically, the Lmdd-MPFG vaccine activates the NF-κB pathway in the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through the TLR2 and MyD88 pathway, and recruits p62 to activate the autophagy pathway. We found that Lmdd-MPFG promoted the expression of PD-L1 in HCC cells but resensitized the tumor local T cell to respond to the anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the combined administration of a Listeria-based HCC vaccine, Lmdd-MPFG, and the anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade antibody. However, immune checkpoint blockade is still suboptimal in HCC treatment and more immune modifications are needed to achieve an efficient therapeutic goal. Recently, patients with advanced cancers have been benefited greatly from immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
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